The banking industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, but not all banking services are the same way. Two primary types of banking services—investment banking and commercial banking—serve different purposes and cater to distinct client needs. Understanding their...
Private equity (PE) investors are constantly asking: what's this company really worth? It's a crucial question, as it dictates deal terms and potential returns. While there's no single magic number, several valuation methods are commonly employed. Let's explore a few...
Besides Locked Box mechanism, Completion Account is another common way employed in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions. The Completion Accounts mechanism involves adjusting the purchase price (the amount to be paid to the vendor), which is provisional and agreed upon...
Locked Box is one of the two most common mechanisms employed in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions to facilitate the transfer of purchase price (the amount to be paid to the vendor) and ensure that the target company's assets and...
We already heard about DCF valuation method. How about DFCF? In mergers and acquisitions (M&A), the Debt-Free Cash-Free (DFCF) approach is a widely used method to determine the valuation of a target company. This approach focuses on the value of the...
In advanced capital markets, private companies often seek private equity (PE) investors as shareholders primarily to access expansion and growth capital. This strategic move is driven by several compelling reasons. Access to substantial capital: PE capital is the necessary financial...
Private Equity (PE) firms employ various strategies to acquire, invest in, or provide financing to private companies with the goal of generating substantial returns for their investors. Below are some of the key strategies: Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs): this strategy involves...
Besides knowledge and skills in domain of finance, dealmakers are required to have good understanding about the key legal documents in private equity (PE) and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) transactions. These documents are integral to ensuring that both parties' interests...
In private equity (PE) investment, exit rights provide PE investors with strategies to sell their shares when it is not possible to exit through listing on the stock exchange. Three key exit rights are tag-along rights, drag-along rights, and put...
A liquidity event is a pivotal moment in the private equity world, signifying the successful "exit" from an investment in a non-public company. It's when the private equity fund relinquishes its ownership stake (illiquid shares) and converts it into liquid...
In the world of private equity, investors face a constant threat: dilution. This occurs when a company issues new shares at lower valuations than the previous fund-raising rounds, decreasing the existing investors' ownership percentage. At its core, the anti-dilution clause...
Due diligence (DD) in M&A and Private Equity (PE) is a comprehensive investigation process conducted by buyers or investors to assess the target company's financial, legal, operational, and strategic aspects. This multifaceted task involves scrutinizing financial statements, examining legal contracts,...
In the dynamic world of private equity (PE), deal-makers are constantly seeking innovative ways to unlock value. One strategy gaining traction is the "carved-out" transaction. Carved-outs, often referred to as divestitures or spin-offs, entail the strategic separation of a particular...
In the world of private equity (PE) and investment banking (IB), beyond deal origination, due diligence and negotiation, lies another crucial task: transaction structuring. Transaction structuring is the art of designing the commercial, legal and financial framework for a deal....
In private equity investments (PE), dilution is a critical concern that investors must address when negotiating investment terms. Dilution occurs when the ownership percentage of existing shareholders decreases due to the issuance of additional shares, typically during subsequent financing rounds...
